Chivako chimwe nechimwe chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye basa guru rechikamu chimwe nechimwe rakasiyanawo zvikuru.Zvikamu zvesimbi zvino ndizvo zvikamu zvikuru zvezvivakwa zvakawanda zvekuvaka, uye zvikamu zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvinotamba mabasa akasiyana.
Uye thesimbi yekugadzira purojekitiinogamuchirwa nenyika huru dzekugadzira.Dhizaini yebay hombe yesimbi yekugadzira workshop, diki diki-sectional nzvimbo yesimbi chimiro, kuisirwa uye kutakura kuri nyore, nguva yekuvaka ipfupi pane yechinyakare yekuvaka maitiro, uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwemari chinovandudzwa zvakanyanya. .uye shandisa speed.
Kuvakwa kwechivako chefekitari yesimbi inoumbwa nezvikamu zvikuru zvakati, mbiru dzesimbi, matanda esimbi, matanda edenga resimbi, matenga esimbi, uye madziro.Inosanganisirawo zvimwe zvikamu uye zvikamu zvesimbi.Ndeupi rudzi rwekukanganisa uko izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa zvikamu zvikuru zvemashopu ekugadzira simbi zvine pahupamhi hwese hwezvimiro?
Kururama kwesimbi chimiro fekitari chivakwachikamu chekugadzira chimiro ndicho chinodiwa kuti uone huwandu hwese hwesimbi chimiro fekitori chivakwa.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kunyatso nzwisisa kutwasanuka uye kukanganisa kwekona yesimbi yekona, kureba pakati pegomba rekubatanidza rembiru uye danda kune mbiru yepasi ndiro, uye kugadziriswa kwegomba rekubatanidza pacharo.Kurongeka, kutwasanuka kwematanda edenga uye kugadzirisa iko kurongeka kwembiru-beam yekubatanidza mahwendefa, yekumisikidzwa yekumisikidza yetii tsvimbo pamatanda nemakoramu kana kutsigira mahwendefa ekubatanidza ane hukama nematanda nemakoramu pachawo, kutariswa kweiyo purlin inotsigira mahwendefa, nezvimwe.
Parizvino, mbiru yepakati yemusangano wesimbi yakagadzirwa neyakatengwa H simbi yekugadzirisa kana gungano replate.Kana iyo yakagadziriswa ne-off-the-shelf simbi yakagadzirwa neH, kunyatsogadzirwa kwekoramu kuri nyore kudzora;kana yakaunganidzwa kubva kumidziyo yeplate, teerera mushure megungano uye welding.Kuumbwa kwembiru dzesimbi kuve nechokwadi kuti mbiru yakatwasuka uye kudzivirira kumonyoroka.
Mazhinji emapuranga edenga ari herringbone zvimiro, izvo zvinowanzounganidzwa kubva ku2 kana 4 trusses.Matanda edenga anowanzo kuunganidzwa nemugadziri ane mahwendefa, uye dandemutande remapango rinowanzoita risingaenzaniswi quadrilaterals.Vagadziri vane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwehunyanzvi vanogona kunyatso nzwisisa kukwidziridzwa uye kuvharika kwewebhu, nepo vagadziri vane hutera hwehunyanzvi hunyanzvi havana chokwadi nezvewebhu.Nekudaro, pane zvikanganiso mukurongeka kweiyo lofting.Nemhaka yokuti chimiro chechimiro chedanda redenga chine hukama nekusimba kwekubatana pakati pedanda nekoromo, tsanangudzo yewebhu inobata zvakananga chimiro chechimiro chedanda, saka zvakakosha zvikuru.
Muchigadzirwa chesimbi chimiro chekugadzira fekitari, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvikamu zvinosanganisira mbiru dzesimbi uye matanda esimbi, ayo ari chikamu chikuru chekutsigira uye kutakura mutoro, uye zvakakosha zvikamu zvekuumbwa kwechimiro.Iyo muchinjika-chikamu fomu yesimbi mbiru yakakamurwa kuita yakasimba webhu mbiru uye reti mbiru.Iyo yakasimba web column ine chikamu chese, iyo inowanzoshandiswa ndiyo I-shaped chikamu uye H-shaped chikamu;chikamu chelattice column chakakamurwa kuita makumbo maviri kana makumbo akawanda, uye makumbo akabatanidzwa nemashizha kana mapaneru.Kana mutoro wakakura uye mbiru Kana muviri wakafara, huwandu hwesimbi hunoshandiswa hushoma.
Matanda esimbi, matanda esimbi akaumbwa, uye matanda akaumbwa.Simbi dzesimbi dzinogona kushandiswa kumapuranga e crane uye kushanda kwepuratifomu matanda mumashopu, matanda epasi muzvivako zvakawanda-storey, purlins muzvivako zvedenga, nezvimwewo. Masimbi akaumbwa anogadzirwa ne-hot-rolled I-beams kana simbi yechiteshi.Kugadziriswa kwematanda esimbi akaumbwa ari nyore uye mutengo wacho wakaderera, asi hukuru hwemuchinjikwa wesimbi yakaumbwa inogumira kune mamwe maitiro.Kana mutoro uye span yakakura uye chikamu chesimbi hachikwanise kusangana nesimba, kuomarara kana kugadzikana zvinodiwa, danda rinoumbwa rinoshandiswa.
Composite matanda anosungwa kana riveted nesimbi ndiro kana chikamu simbi.Nekuti riveting ibasa-yakanyanya uye-yakawanda-yakawanda, welding ndiyo kazhinji nzira huru.Anowanzo shandiswa welded composite matanda ane H-shaped cross-sections uye bhokisi-shaped cross-sections inoumbwa nepamusoro uye pasi flange mahwendefa uye webs.Iyo yekupedzisira inodhura zvakanyanya uye ine maitiro akaomarara ekugadzira, asi ane hukuru hwekukotama kusimba uye torsional rigidity, uye inokodzera mamiriro apo lateral mitoro uye torsional zvinodiwa zvakakwirira kana urefu hwedanda hushoma.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvesimbi chimiro engineeringinogona kuumbwa nekusarudza zvinhu zvakasiyana.Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvakare zvine mimwe misiyano mukuita kwechisikigo uye mhando.Mhando dzakasiyana dzemashopu anogona zvakare kuvakwa, senge akawanda-storey simbi chimiro mashopu, akareruka simbi chimiro mashopu, Zvezvidhinha-kongiri zvivakwa zvefekitori uye mamwe marudzi ezvivakwa, chete nekudzora kunaka kwezvikamu zvine hukama zvinogona kuisirwa kunaka kweiyo yakazara. chimiro chivandudzwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-09-2023