1. Dhizaini
Kune chero purojekiti, iyo yakakosha chikamu dhizaini, uye zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya mutengo, mhando, kuoma kwekuvaka uye nguva yekuvaka yeprojekiti.Kunyangwe kune mamwe akanakisa dhizaini munyika yedu, mazhinji acho ane mamwe matambudziko ekugadzira.Dhizaini isina musoro haingounzi kurasikirwa kuhupfumi uye inowedzera mari, asi zvakare inoviga njodzi dzakavanzika kumhando yeinjiniya yemabhiriji uye inotadzisa zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwemabhiriji.kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji.Kunyanya, dhizaini yezvivakwa zvesimbi yebhiriji inonyanya kutevedzera muenzaniso wakafanana, uchishandisa dhizaini iripo pasina kufunga kwekuvandudza, uye kashoma kushandisa zvishandiso zvitsva kana zvivakwa zvitsva, uye haigone kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo enzvimbo nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza.Mukuwedzera, mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro, maitiro ekushanda kwechimiro chesimbi haana kuverengerwa zvakakwana, uye simba resimba rinowanzowedzerwa zvisina kufanira kuitira kuti ritevere kugadzikana kwekuita, zvichiita kuti kusakosha kusingakoshi kwezvinhu uye zvinhu.Mukuwedzera, mukuverenga kweparameters, mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa haafungidzirwe zvakakwana, izvo zvinoita kuti bhiriji rive risina kugadzikana uye kushushikana kwegoho panguva yekushandiswa kwekushandisa.Aya ndiwo matambudziko akajairika mukugadzirwa kwesimbi bhiriji.
2. Hunhu
Pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvebhiriji simbi zvivakwa, kutarisisa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune nyaya dzehutano, nokuti kune mabhiriji, muviri mukuru wesimba isimbi uye konkrete, saka chinhu chinogadzirisa chinokanganisa kushanda kwemabhiriji kunaka kwezvivako zvesimbi.Iyo yakajairwa dhizaini inofanirwa kunyatso kuteverwa panguva yekugadzira, uye yakajairwa dhizaini haifanirwe kudzikiswa zvisina tsarukano.Mukuwedzera, chimiro chesimbi chinofanira kushandiswa zvakanyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa, uye imwe neimwe nzira inofanira kushandiswa zvakasimba kuti ive nechokwadi cheinjiniya yebhiriji uye kudzivirira njodzi.
3. Corrosion phenomenon
Chinhu chikuru chesimbi isimbi, saka kuparara kwechisikigo hakudzivisiki kune simbi, iyo iriwo chinhu chinoisa njodzi kune bhiriji dhizaini.Kana iyo simbi yakagadzirwa kusvika pamwero wakati, ichaisa pangozi zvakanyanya bhiriji uye hupenyu hwayo hwebasa.Corrosion inoderedza simba rekutakura simba rechimiro pachayo, zvichiita kuti simba rose rebhiriji rirege kugadzikana pasi pekuita kwemutoro wemotokari, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvine corrosion yakakomba ichaita sechinhu chinokotama, uye tsaona dzakakomba dzemotokari dzichakonzerwa, nemhedzisiro yakaipa. .
4. Welding process
Iyo welding mhando ine kutsamira kwakasimba panzira yemaitiro, uye inotora nzvimbo yakakosha pakati pezvinhu zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemaitiro.Kufurira kwaro kunonyanya kubva kune maviri maficha: kune rumwe rutivi, ihwo hungwaru hwekuumbwa kwemaitiro;kune rumwe rutivi, ndiko kukomba kwemaitiro ekuuraya.Chimiro chesimbi chinonyanya kusanganiswa nekugadzira welding.Kana iyo welding process isina kunyatsoitwa zvinoenderana neinonzwisisika maitiro, welding kuremara kuchaitika.Welding defects haingounze matambudziko mazhinji mukugadzira, asi zvakare inogona kukonzera njodzi dzakaipisisa.Zvinoenderana nenhamba, tsaona dzakawanda dzesimbi dzinokonzerwa nekuremara kwewelding.Rudzi urwu rwekuremara kwewelding rinowanzo kuoneka mune welding zvinyorwa zvesimbi chimiro.Izvi zvinyorwa zvekushongedza zvichakanganisa kugadzikana kwesimba rose rechimiro chesimbi.Kana ikasadziviswa, inoviga njodzi dzakavanzika.
5. Yakashata tsanangudzo chimiro
Yakashata zvimiro zvemukati zvinotungamira kune geometric stress concentration, iyo iri nyore kufuratirwa mukatisimbi yakagadzirwadhizaini, uye zvakare chimwe chezvikonzero zvinonyanya kukonzera tsaona.Nekuda kweiyo yakashata dhizaini yekugadzirwa kwesimbi yebhiriji, iyo geometric stress yebhiriji inonamirwa uye inokwidziridzwa panguva yekushandiswa kwebhiriji.Pasi pechiito chemitoro yakasiyana-siyana, izvi zviduku zvinokuvadza zvinoramba zvichiwedzera, zvichiita kuti kuwedzere kwekunetseka kwekuneta, uye pakupedzisira kutungamirira kunjodzi.Iro bhiriji chimiro chakabatana, uye zvimwe zvisingaoneki zvinogona kukanganisa kushushikana kwebhiriji rese.Kana kushushikana kwekushushikana kana kushushikana kuneta kunoitika mune diki dhizaini, zviri nyore kukanganisa uye kuita kuti chimiro chesimbi chipe.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-17-2023